Holistic approach of yoga for health

Holistic approach of yoga for healthIn this modern era, we find either the material console due to advancements in technology this rapid progress and technological increase has changed the life means of the people, which in turn seems to pose opusy challenges. Today, ones life style has changed in all aspects, viz fleshly, mental social. Mankind suffered from morbific contagious diseases before 19th century. Thanks to all advances in modern medicament, this has helped us to get these infectious contagious diseases under control. These are now replaced by psychoneurotic ailments which are assuming epidemic proportions. Scientists are recognizing that the modern lifestyle has a major parcel for this. The modern medical science is recognizing its limitations in treating these psychosomatic ailments as evidenced by low success rates in the interference, side effects of the euphony continuing increase in the incidence of these life style problems. So, people are looking fo r some interchange remedy for their problems for effective humannessagement of their problems. In the past few years there is tremendous s distribute for the Complimentary Alternative Medicines (CAM).The aim of this report is to provide information somewhat the positive benefits of an alternate system. Now is the sentence to review our approach in treating psychosomatic problems. A change in attitude and lifestyle is necessary to help us to cope with the problems and diseases. On the positive side, man has the potential to search for pragmatic and simple solutions. By finding realistic alternatives and by creating positive solutions, the problems can be resolved, and the arena brought out of its present crisis.Recent researches have sh induce that spirit, the psyche influences a prime role in most of the psychosomatic diseases. The biomedical approach of modern medicine has looked at merely (Physical) superficial aspect of ones universe, which in turn seems to have limited its treatment success. Vedas the treasure house of ancient Indian science, which includes Yoga Ayurveda, may play an important role in treating these diseases with their holistic/ integrated approach. These two systems play a prime role in the expanded version of CAM. This science is more(prenominal)(prenominal) than 5000 years old. These are the major tools to achieve Chaturtha purusharthas (Dharma, Artha, Kama, and Moksha) which is a prime goal of all human being. In the classics they very beautifully explains that, we need long legal life span to achieve chaturvidha purusharthas, ayurveda helps to achieve long healthy life span yoga is to achieve a high goal like Moksha(Liberation). As Yoga is cognise to calm down the mind, so in the modern era it has become an important tool to treat these psychosomatic diseases. Even though it is known for higher goal like Moksha, its need of the hour to successful conquering the challenges of these psychosomatic diseases. Through yoga, one can understand this root manage and take measures to create peace of mind and harmony. The approaches are integrated at all levels Annamaya koa, Pranamaya koa, Manomaya koa, Vijnamaya Koa and nandamaya koa promoting personal, mental, social and sacred health. model of health and Yoga health is a state of well-being at physical, mental, social and spiritual levels and not merely an absence of illness or infirmity. This is the definition of Health as defined by World Health Organization (WHO). Prior to this latest definition the World Health Organization adopted further lead components e.g. Physical, Mental and Social. The spiritual role played in making a healthy body was very newly recognized by this International way only after knowing the efficacy of yoga as a science in totality, so to say, an integrated and holistic science.Sri Aurobindo emphasizes, health is an all-round personality mystifyment at the physical, mental, intellectual, senseal and spiritual levels. It is a exhibit by which the limitations and imperfections can be washed away resulting in a superhuman race. The new facilities of fertileer perceptions of the piece beyond the atomic number 23 senses emerge in this phase of superman existence. Further harvest-festival leads to man to unfold ever deeper layers of consciousness and widen the spectrum of his knowledge to turn tail towards divinity or perfection. Yoga is a systematic conscious process for accelerating the growth of human being from his animal level and ultimately to divinity. It is a systematic methodology for all-round personality development on the physical, mental, intellectual, emotional and spiritual components of man. Thus, Yoga in its general methodology for the growth of man to divine heights includes techniques useful for curative applications in making man healthier. Yoga way of life is characterized by peace and tranquility, harmony and health, love and happiness, precision and efficiency.The aim of this report is to provide information about the positive benefits of an alternate system. Unlike conventional medicine where in the application of drugs treat only the surface level of the ailments and there are also insecure side effects, which some cadences cause more problems the traditional yoga philosophy regards the human being as an indivisible entity. So it adopts a holistic approach. The root cause of the modern psychosomatic ailments is the deform. Through yoga, one can understand this root cause and take measures to establish peace and harmony. The approaches are integrated at all levels (annamaya koa ), (pramaya koa), (manomaya koa ), (vijnamaya koa) and (nandamaya koa) promoting physical, mental, social and spiritual health.Recent research proved the efficacy of yoga in the treatment of psychosomatic diseases, but as it is comparatively new to treat these diseases, experts believe more research needs to be under taken.Integrated Approach of Yoga Therapy (I.A.Y.T)In ancient science yoga is known for higher goals like Moksha (Liberation). But as we know the need of the hour is to use Yoga for treating the psychosomatic ailments. From the last few decades yoga gained popularity as one of the Complimentary Alternative Medicines (CAM) in all separate of the world. Different people are using it in different ways. It has also become a part of education with its multifold advantages. Yoga is apply for developing memory, intelligence and creativity.The modern medical system has replaced almost all the traditions system of medicine in different parts of the globe because of its relational basis. It has proved itself most effective in saving man from the fatal hands of contagious and infectious diseases. But m both psychosomatic ailments and psychiatric problems pose a great disturbance to the modern medical system. It is here that yoga is making a vital contribution to the modern medical system.Patanjali defines YOGA in his second patanjal is aphorism as Yogah Citta Vriti Nirodhah Yoga is a continuous process of gaining control over the mind which helps us to reach over original state. Yoga helps us to lie calm and silent under a given situation and to think and act accordingly. As per yoga Vasistha, Yoga is a skilful trick to calm down the mind on the tend it is portrayed asManah Prasamanopayah Yoga Ityabhidhiyate.According to Bhagwad Gita, it is, yogah karmasu kausalam which says yoga is dexterity in action.According to Sri Aurobindo, health is an all-round personality development at the physical, mental, intellectual, emotional and spiritual levels. It is a process by which the limitation and imperfections can be washed away resulting in a super human race. Further growth leads man to unfold even deeper layers of consciousness and widen the spectrum of his knowledge to more towards divinity or perfection. In this march towards perfection, Yoga is a systematic conscious process for accelerating the growth of a huma n being from his animal level and ultimately to divinity. It is a systematic methodology for and all round personality development physical, mental, intellectual, emotional and spiritual components of man. Thus, yoga in its general methodology for the growth of man to divine heights includes technique useful for therapeutic applications in making man healthier. Yoga not only provides techniques for the growth of man from his animal level to heights of perfection it carves out a way of life for him. Yoga way of life in characterized by peace and tranquility, harmony and health, love and happiness, precision and efficiency.Pancha kosaPancha Kosa has been taken from Taittireya Upanisad. Human existence is made possible because of balance between cinque layers or Kosas. These Kosas are called Pancha Kosa, the 5 livered existence of human being. The fine Kosas arei) Annamaya Kosa This is the physical layer, over physical body is made of anna or matter. This matter based aspect of our ph ysical personality is Annamaya Kosa. Annamaya Kosa consists of five elements are Panchabhutas namely earth, water, fire, wind and space. Thus, Annamaya Kosa is the physical frame which is the grossest of the five Kosas.ii) Pranamaya Kosa It is prana the vital force which is the basic fabric of this universe twain inside and outside our body. A uniform harmonious flow of prana to each and every all of the Annamya Kosa keeps them alive and healthy. Prana flows through nadis which is called Pancha Prana namely Apana, Prana, Udana, Samana and Vyana.iii) Manomaya Kosas This is the mental layer where thoughts give rise to strong emotion. It is this emotion that is the root cause of all human joy and distress. When this emotion grows stronger, they govern against our right actions. This leads to imbalances called Adhi or stress. Long standing Adhis get pushed into pranamaya and annamaya Kosa causing Vyadhis.iv) Vijanamaya Kosa This is the dish aerialriminating faculty. It workings on conscience which continuously guides the manamoya kosa to get mastery over the basic instincts. It is this component of the mind that was developed in human race that greatly differentiates man from animals.v) Anandamaya Kosa This is the bliss layer of our existence. This is the most suitable aspect of our existence which is derived of any form of emotions. Bliss is embodied in Anandamaya Kosa, the highest stage of emotion in the manifested existence. It is the subtest among the five layers of existence.The science of illnessesIn Anandamaya Kosa a man is healthiest with perfect harmony and balance of all his faculties. At Vijnanamaya Kosa the movements are channelized in the right direction. The imbalances start only in the Manomaya Kosa. This imbalance amplifies themselves resulting in mental illness called Adhi. At this stage there are no symptoms at the physical level. The mental diseases discover to the physical from because of the growth of wrong actions. These breed physical diseases are called Vyadhi which is divided into Adhija Vyadhi and Anadhija Vyadhi.The Adhija Vyadhi is two fold- samanya and sara. The former includes diseases incidental to the body. These may be termed as psychosomatic ailments. But the latter is obligated for rebirth to which all men are subjected.The second category of ailments is Anadija Vyadhi those which are not originated by mind. These would probably include the infectious and contagious disease.The disturbances in the Manomaya Kosa percolate into the physical layer through the Pranamaya Kosa. Hence in the treatment of these psychosomatic ailments it becomes mandatory to work at all the levels of pancha kosa. The integrated approach thus, consists is not only dealing with physical sheath, it also includes using technique to operate in different sheaths of our existence. A brief description is given below.i) Annamaya Kosa a healthy yogic diet, kriyas, loosing exercises and yogasanas are used to operate at the annamaya ko sa level and to remove the physical symptoms of the ailments and also plays an important role in building the stamina.ii) Pranamaya Kosa Prana is the basic life principle. Pranamaya is a process for gaining control over prana. Through the practices of proper breathing, Kriyas pranayamas, we start operating on pranamaya Kosa. Thus, ailments are handled at this pranamaya Kosa level.iii) Manomaya Kosa A direct operation on this level is made possible by the last three limbs of Astanga Yoga of Patanjali-Dharma, Dhyana and Samadhi. A devotional session containing of prayers, chants, Bhajans, Dhuns, Stotras etc. help to build a congenial atmosphere to evoke, recognize, bleached and dissipate the emotion. Therefore, the control over the manomaya kosa means control over the adhis and vyadhis.iv) Vijnanamaya Kosa we can come over all the miseries and obsessions by basic perception and right knowledge. sense of hearing lectures, discussing and counseling of yoga philosophy positives, and co nstructive topics offers the right attitude.v) Anadamaya Kosa The body of happiness can only be brought by working with a hind endground of blissfulness the techniques used come under the heading of Karma Yoga the secret of action.Thus the IAYT helps us for the total holistic health and humanity to build a divine society.CHAPTER 8 DIABETES MELLITUS expositionDiabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the pheno subject of hyperglycemia. Several distinct types of DM exist and are caused by a complex interaction of genetics and environmental factors. Depending on the etiology of the DM, factors contributing to hyperglycemia include reduced insulin secretion, decreased glucose utilization, and increased glucose production. The metabolic dysregulation associated with DM causes secondary pathophysiologic changes in multiple reed organ systems that impose a tremendous burden on the individual with diabetes and on the health care system.It is most c ommon of the endocrine disorders. Being chronic it affects the metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, fat, water and electrolytes. The result is by effecting the eye, kidney and nervous system.ClassificationDiabetes mellitus is classified into 2 major types.Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) or Juvenile Onset Diabetes (JOD)Non-Insuline Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. (NIDDM)1. Insuline Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM)This is an immune Mediated Diabetes which is caused by a phenomenon called Auto Immune Mechanism. Here, the immune system goes wrong and produce antibodies. When autoimmune mechanisms are directed against the insulin producing B-cells of the pancreas (diabetes does not set in until 80% of B-cells are destroyed).saaaq Then, the pancreas stops producing insulin or producing insufficient qualities this prevents glucose from entering the body cells which results high level of food in the form of glucose in the parentage stream, this type of diabetes must inject the mselves daily with insulin.Juvenile Onset DiabetesThis subtype commonly occurs in childhood and adolescence but can occur in any age some(prenominal) sexes can be affected.Idiopathic Diabetes is also type of IDDM. Here dietary plays an important part. There is no evidence of B-cell destruction. Episodes of rise in rent glucose and ketone aggregation may occur periodically. The patients may require insulin treatment for survival.2. Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus / Adult Onset Diabetes (AOD)In this type an inappropriate secretion of insulin at the wrong time or the body issue becomes less responsive to the insulin. In this form of diabetes insulin release appear to occur too late in the cycle so the blood sugar level rises to a high level before insulin is secreted and when it is secreted then that there is a no enough to cope with the high blood sugar level. It is called Non-Insulin Dependent DM because it can usually be controlled without the use of insulin injection. Th is type was also referred as Adult Onset Diabetes since it occurs most often in adults, 40 years of age and older.Other types of Diabetes.a) Potential diabtes Patients are having increase liability to develop diabetes due to genetic reason on child of diabetes parents.b) latent DiabetesPatients who have shown abnormal results under comparing a burden on the pancreatic all during pregnancy or infection.Causes of Diabetes casing 1 Diabetes occurs due to heredity, and autoimmunity.Type 2 Diabetes occurs due to heredity, overweight, sedentary life style and degenativeHeredityThe heredity characteristics areIf a parent has type-1 diabetes i.e. IDDM, a child has 2-5% change of developing DM. If a child has Type-1 DM, the changes of a brother or a sister developing DM is of the order of 5-10%.If a person with one parent with type-II Diabetes has a encounter of 25% of developing type-II diabetes during adult hood.If both the parents have diabetes it increase to 50%If a person has type-II d iabetes the chances of a brother or a sister with develop in the order of 20-40%Overweight 50-80% of the people with type-II diabetes are overweight at the time of diagnosis.Auto immunity In this condition, the bodys immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys of its own cells eg. Beta cells of the islets of langerhans in Type-1 diabetes.Age When there are two children of parents with diabetes and one becomes overweight during adulthood and the other does not one will be more likely to develop type II DiabetesSigns and SymptomsDiabetes mellitus usually occurs with following sign and symptoms.Dryness of the mouth and excessive thirstFrequent urination tip red inkWeakness and inability to cope with the daily routineRedness and Irritation of genitaliaBlurred visionFatiguePainful limbsPain in fingers and toesCramps or numbers of feet may be presentdiagnosingDepends on history, examination supported by following investigationsBlood sugar testFasting blood sugar (FBS), linguistic rule range 50- 100mg% or (5-6-5mmol/l)Post prandial blood sugar (PPBS), Normal range 130-160mg% or (6-8 mmol/l)Urine Test Glucose appears in weewee when the blood glucose level exceeds about 180mg%. This limit is called Renal Kidney threshold for glucose.Methods of testing Sugar/Glucose.Benedicts testPaper strip test.Glucose Tolerance TestMedical solicitudeDiabetes mellitus cannot be cured completely but can be kept under control with the help of dietary changes, drugs or insulin.Main object of forethoughtTo provide quality the life of diabetic patientsTo relieve the symptoms of diabetes.To establish good sugar controlTo stop diabetes spreading for their complication.Mode of the Diabetic guidance fastExerciseMedicineAcupuncture/AcupressureYogaMagnet therapyPrinciple of Diet-Planning A DM patients diet should be able to Supply sufficient amount of brawn giving nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins and fats.-Supply sufficient amounts of vitamins and minerals.To maintain ideal bod y weight.To help in avoiding complications of DM.Yogic ManagementAccording to yoga, the causes of diabetes are in the mind i.e. stress any percolate down to Prnamaya kosha and Annamaya Kosha. Hence it has got to be tackled at all the five koshas.Annamaya KosaDiet control is important Sithilikarna Vyayama should be practiced to suffer internal organs. Asanas brings flexibility suppleness to muscular system, help in removing tamasic behaviour. It also activates the vital internal organs Kriyas, Uddiyanabandha and Agnisara help increasing the blood flow to the character resulting in removing impurities and stimulating the pancreasPranamaya kosaPranayama is gaining mastery over prana the basic life giving force. It regulates the breath and balances prana. The following practices are very helpful.Sectional breathing, Nadi Suddhi and Brahmari etc.Manomaya KosaThe guided broody practices described here under are easy to follow and highly beneficial in calming down and slowing down the mind.OM MediationDRTMSRTQRT cyclic MediationDevotional SessionVijnanamaya KosaAt the intellectual level, a national correction is imparted as to What is real happiness? i.e. Happy Analysis Ananda Mimamsa an effort to fork out the participants of all miseries and obsessions and attachments. This is done through counseling, satsangs, lectures, maitrimilian etc.Anandamaya KosaEverybody experienced that Ananda the blissful state beyond the time and space at least for a short time. may be by accident and may not be aware how to get that blissful state again and be in it for longer time if not forever participants are encouraged to be in touch with that blissful state through Karma Yoga and Happy Assembly.Case floor Type 2 Diabetes MellitusName Mr. C. R.Age Sex 73, FemaleOccupation AgricultureMarital posture MarriedEducation PUCDate of Admission Date of Discharge diagnosis Diabetes MellitusChief ComplaintsK/C/O- Diabetes and Hypertension since 15 yearsTingling numbness in fee tDelay in wound healingBPH and unregularity since 4 yearsKidney stones since 2 yearsHistory of Present IllnessPatent was apparently normal before 15 years then he got to know that he is diabetic when his blood was checked. Later he was started with the medications. Gradually he developed the Prostate hypertrophy and constipation. Two years back he developed kidney stones.Personal HistoryAppetite NormalSleep DisturbedBowls ConstipatedBladder Frequent urinationAddictions NoMenstrual/ OBG HistoryNot specificPast HistoryHad the head injury in road traffic accident 4 year agoHe had the coagulate in the brain and operated in 2007Family HistoryFather and son having high BPTreatment / Medication HistoryTab. Riotrill 5 Mg 0-0-1Tab. Triptomen 0-0-1Tab. Stamlo Beta 500 Mg 0-0-1Tab. Glymet GP2 1-0-1Tab. Plagerine -A 0-1-1Tab. Storvas 10 Mg 0-0-1Tab. Himplasia 1-0-1Tab. Y- Lax ConstipationSocial / Stress historyWife expired 2 years ago, she was also diabeticSon is not co-operatingExaminat ionGeneral Physical ExaminationBuilt moderatePallor +Clubbing NADEdema Mild pitting edema in both legsVital SignsPR 74/ minRR 24/ minBP 130/80 mm of HgTemp NormalHeight 56Weight 77 KgSystemic ExaminationCVS NADInvestigationsFBS 90 mg/dl 1 week ago (Venous blood)PPBS 130 mg/ dlDiagnosisDiabetes mellitus with neuropathyAim of Present TherapyIs to reduce the frequency of urination and to improve the quality of sleep.To reduce the diabetic complications, bring down the medications.To improve the overall quality of life.Management ProgressThe participant attended all the classes and found all of them to be enjoyable and enlighten. Out of all the class he liked CM, initially he found DM special technique a little too exhausting. After some time he was toned down to accommodate his physical condition. He enjoyed the lecture by Dr. Raghuramji found them relevant to his life.Counseling StrategiesThe participant was completely understood the holistic approach of the IAYT. We encouraged him to pause completely abstain from the sweets during his stay so that he may see clearly that blood sugar level is drooping by time of his discharge. We encouraged him to participate actively during special technique sessions and to practice his own diligently so that the effect of each exercise is felt more clearlyThe participant responded positively when he started to noticing the improvement, he was more even more encouraged. We taught him the sweet Meditation and its theory.The participant loved many of the lectures as they touched on the realities of day to day life. piano words of encouragement and praise worked very well with this participant.ResultsGeneral ParametersS. NOPARTICULARSBYAY% mixture1SYS BP (mm of Hg)1301182DIA BP (mm of Hg)80763PULSE (cycles per min)74724RR (cycles per min)24205BHT(Sec)8116WT(Kg)7776.1Clinical ParametersS. NOPARTICULARSBYAY% CHANGE1MEDICATION SCORE (MS)882SYMPTOM SCORE (SS)41Psychological ParametersS. NOPARTICULARSBYAY% CHANGE1SATVA21212RAJAS2 23TAMAS22Specific ParametersS. NOPARTICULARSBYAY% CHANGE1FBS(mg/dl)90902PPBS(mg/dl)130114CHAPTER 7 BACK PAINDefinitionAny torture which occurs in the voice between the neck and pelvic at any point on the Spinal column, is termed as Back Pain.Back put out is not disease and therefore, it has no cure. But it can be controlled.CausesBack fuss is a symptom. Common causes of back pain involve disease or injury to the muscles, bones, and/or nerves of the spine. Pain arising from abnormalities of organs within the abdomen, pelvis, or agency may also be felt in the back. This is called referred pain. Many intra-abdominal disorders, such as appendicitis, aneurysms, kidney diseases, bladder infections, pelvic infections, and ovarian disorders, among others, can cause pain referred to the back. Normal pregnancy can cause back pain in many ways, including stretching ligaments within the pelvis, irritating nerves, and straining the low back. Your doctor will have this in mind when evaluatin g your pain.The most common causes of lower back pain are sprains and strains. Other conditions that can cause back pain include disc injury, spinal stenosis, and osteoarthritis of the spine, spondylolisthesis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoporosis and fractures of the lumbar spine, pregnancy, fibromyalgia.ClassificationSeveral classifications are available. Feinstein described 3 major types of clinimetric indexes that are relevant to classification systems used for patients with LBP. These are the status index, the prognostic index, and the clinical guideline index.Followings are some conditions with a symptom of back painSciaticaA severe shooting pain that radiates from the lower back along the back of the thigh down to the outer inner side of the foot.RadiculopathyPain in the area where the particular nerve has been distributed, because of nerve trap or compression, patient feels pain in that area.Lumbar spondylosisLimited movements of the waist region.Stiffening of the spineCervi cal spondylosisLow back pain, neck pain, headacheArm pain and neck movements are reducedTender spot in the trapezium musclesArms become weak and lose reflexes.Coccydynia Pain in the coccyx regionAnkylosing spondylitisChronic stiffness in the hips and entire spineMild to moderate nagging pain in the lumbar region or hipsLumbago abrupt pain to the buttocks or thighsSigns and SymptomsDepends on type of BackpainDiagnostic CriteriaAsymmetrical straight leg raisingAsymmetrical movements of lumbar spineTest for pain during movementsTest for neurology defectTest for back pain on axial loadingTest for sensory lossImaging techniques i.e. CT and magnetic resonance imagingMedical managementDepends on type of backpain.Analgesics anti-inflammatory.SurgeryYogic managementPrevention is better than cure. Preventive measures includeAwareness and correction of posture age standing, sitting and lying downRegular exercisesStress managementYogic techniques involving slow body movements followed by pra ctices of deep relaxation are useful in maintaining the strength and flexibility of the spine. Regular practice of a basic set of yoga practices of 45 to 60 min including srya Namaskr, loosening practices, 8-10 sana followed by deep relaxation, Prnnyma and Meditation.The different Yogic practices affects on Pancha kosha levelsAnnamaya koshaAsana, Physical movements, kriyas, and Yogasanas are used to operate at the Annamaya kosa level and to remove the physical symptoms of the ailments. Kriys It is a yogic process to cleanse the inner organs of the body and they bring the following effects Activating and revitalizing the organs, toning up their functionsDesensitization phylogenesis of the deep internal awareness Physical exercise and movement Very simple physical movements to mobilize and activates, particularly, affected parts of the body are used. virtually easy physical exercises are adopted to fulfill the needs of the particular ailments. Loosen the joints, stretch and relax the muscles, improve the forbearance power, to develop stamina.Yogasanas Yogsanas are physical postures often imitating the natural position of animal meant to tranquil the mind. Through postures the physical revitalization, deep relaxation and mental calmness are brought about.Pranamaya koshaThe sheath of prana is a process for gaining control over prana. Awareness and concentration on the painful parts give a control over the affected prana. Sectional breat

The Main Types Of Social Enquiry Psychology Essay

The Main Types Of Social Enquiry Psychology EssayResearch is the systematic investigation and pick up of materials and sources in commit to establish facts and reach new conclusions.Main qualitys of social enquiry. Social Inquiry provides students with a broad overview of modern social theory and approaches, addressing themes green across disciplines in the social sciences-especially sociology, politics, economics, and anthropology.Case studyA c arful study of some social unit (as a corporation or plane section within a corporation) that proves to determine what factors led to its success or failure, report, written report, study or a written document describing the decisions of some individual or group this accords with the recent study.Cross sectionalCross-sectional look for is a inquiry method often routined in developmental psychology, but overly utilized in many an(prenominal) other atomic number 18as including social science and education. This type of study utilize s different groups of people who differ in the variable of interest, but theatrical role other characteristics such as socioeconomic status, educational background, and ethnicity.For example, inquiryers studying developmental psychology might select groups of people who are remarkably similar in most areas, but differ only in age. By doing this, any differences betwixt groups outhouse presumably be attributed to age differences rather than to other variables.longitudinalLongitudinal look is a type of search method used to discover relationships in the midst of variables that are not related to various background variables. This empirical research technique involves studying the same group of individuals over an extended period of time. Data is first collected at the outset of the study, and whitethorn olibanumly be gathered repeatedly throughout the length of the study. In some cases, longitudinal studies can last several decades.1.2 Investigate research objectives in orde r to contribute to, modify and correct upon theory and practiceResearch objectivesResearch objectives set the purpose and stress of your research with the fundamental questions that pull up stakes be addressed. conventionation your research objectives means defining what do I contract to investigate and how am I vent to do it?Objectives are the single most grave aspect of research flesh and implementation. They include individual, tangible steps that will be taken in your research.Your individual steps will revolve well-nigh a wider question or problem that youve defined.Often, objectives will be based on the findings of other research taking something someone else has investigated or theorised and focusing on a specific aspect of their findings to either strengthen or challenge them.Such follow-up research involves much than repeating research thats already been done. It aims to meliorate the sympathy of a specific topic through asking what else needs to be evidenced b efore the research is meaningful, or what knowledge could be garnered from a more focused investigation, or scrutiny of the existing findingsDimensions to be measuredProductivityEfficiencyEffectivenessObjectives are converted into hypotheses and tested. If info analysis is incontrovertible the hypothesis is accepted and the theory hold good, conversely if the info analysis is oppo settle to the hypothesis it is rejected and the theory is not valid.The objectives would contribute to improve our makeing of the problem investigatedSince objectives are identified through academic literature review the cadence of research objectives would require to either consolidate existing theories or would lead to modification or improvement of existing theories and therefore current practice.1.3 systematically dismember the main research philosophies of positivism and phenomenology.Research philosophiesThere are cardinal kinds of research philosophiesPositivismPositivism was a result of r ejection of concepts that belonged to metaphysics, for example god. As sociologists found it different to explain things as also to test and prove, they lookinged for other ideas. They mat up a strong need for social sciences to be more objective and verifiable as science subjects. Positivism arose as an alternative to metaphysics in an attempt to describe social phenomenon leaving aside what cannot be known or is beyond the scope of social sciences. Positivists are of the view that we can analyze and draw play conclusions only what we observe. What we see and can measure forms the subject matter of positivism. Two of the most influential positivists are Durkheim and Comte.InterpretivismInterpretivism arose as scientists felt that homo beings were not puppets to reply to stimuli in a prescribed manner. They were active and purposeful and can respond to stimuli in different counsellings depending upon their interpretation. Interpretivists describe human beings as having intent a nd the business office to interpret, they say that human beings abide the capability to construct their surroundings rather than being a mere spectators to what is happening around them. These scientists stressed the seeing, intentions and behaviours of human beings more than positivists thereby drawing conclusions that were more realistic and perhaps more valid also. Interpretivists talk nigh shared consciousness as the brain behind many of the concepts in a society.Task 22.1 Examine soft and three-figure research methodologies.When conducting a research, it is really important to decide on the methodology depending upon focus of study. There are basically two ways to go about an analysis, soft analysisand quantitative analysis. There are many who cannot differentiate mingled with the two concepts and think of them as same which is incorrect. If analysis can be thought of as a continuum, quantitative analysis lies at one extremum and qualitative would obviously lie at th e other extreme.Research is the most important tool to increase our knowledge base about things and people. There are two important methods of doing research namely quantitative and qualitative research methods. Despite some overlapping, there is a clear cut difference between quantitative and qualitative research.Quantitative researchAs the name implies, this type of research pertains to studying social behaviour through techniques that have computational basis. The tools in a quantitative research are mathematical in spirit, and measurements form the backbone of any quantitative research.These measurements provide the basis for utterance and recording of data that can be later analyzed quantitatively. Rather than being subjective, quantitative research yields data that is more or less unbiased and can be expressed in numerical terms such as percentages or statistics that is easily understandable for a layman. Researcher utilizes the results to make full generalizations about a larger set of population. soft researchThis is a kind of research that employs different ways of accumulation information without making use of any scientific measurement tools. For example, the sources of information could be varied like diary accounts, surveys, and questionnaires containing open ended questions, interviews that are not structured and also such reflections that are not structured.The data collected through qualitative research is not expressed in mathematical terms. It is descriptive in nature and its analysis is also harder than finding ones way through a maze of statistical tools. Case studies and ethnography seem to be perfect for utilizing qualitative research tools.Qualitative vs Quantitative ResearchThe design of study is not ready beforehand and develops and unfolds gradually in a qualitative research while the design and structure are already record in quantitative researchData generated in quantitative research is numerically expressed in percentages a nd numbers while data obtained through qualitative research is in the form of text or pictureData in quantitative research is efficient but may not be able to capture the true essence of human nature and behaviour while qualitative data in words can capture the human nature in totalityResults of quantitative research are quantifiable while the results of a qualitative research are subjective in nature2.2 critically evaluate the role of the researcher.Typically the researcher is expected totake responsibility for finding out what is expectedtake the initiative in increase problems or difficultieshelp the supervisory team to ensure consistencydiscuss with the supervisory team how to make guidance more rough-and-ready, including disability related concerns coincide, calculate and attend mutually convenient meetings, contribute to their agenda and circulate work in advanceundertake research training as agreed and where need is identifiedundertake recommended readingproduce written wo rk as agreedcomply with reporting procedures and inform supervisors of the progress of your researchtell supervisors about difficulties you encounter in your workarrange for informal sharing of information and practicegenerate your own ideasset realistic deadlinesask if he dont understanddecide when to submit the thesis and ensure that it is submitted on timeEnsure that the findings complies with regulations.2.3 systematically analyse qualitative approaches covering the following terms Descriptive, Interpretive, Ethnographic and representational studies.DescriptionAccording to Emerson, Fretz, and Shaw, 1995, Giorgi, 1992, Wolcott, 1994, There is no pure looking with a naked eye, and there is no immaculate. Researchers seeking to describe an experience or burden select what they will describe and, in the process of featuring certain aspects of it, begin to transform that experience or font.Although no exposition is free of interpretation, basic or fundamental qualitative descript ion, as opposed to, for example, phenomenological or grounded theory description, entails a kind of interpretation that is low-inference, or likely to result in easier consensus among researchers. Even though one researcher may feature the feelings and a hour researcher the events a woman reported in an interview, both researchers will likely agree that. In the case of two researchers describing ostensibly the same scene, one researcher might feature the spatial arrangement in a room, while the second researcher will feature the social interactions. But both researchers ought to agree with each others descriptions as accurate renderings of the scene. That is, with low-inference descriptions, researchers will agree more readily on the facts of the case, even if they may not feature the same facts in their descriptions.InterpretiveAccording to the Wolcott 1994, informative, is the human perceptions, basic qualitative description is not highly interpretive in the sense that a researc her deliberately chooses to describe an event in terms of a conceptual, philosophical, or other highly abstract example or system. The description in qualitative descriptive studies entails the presentation of the facts of the case in everyday language. In contrast, phenomenological, theoretical, ethnographic, or narrative descriptions re-present events in other terms. Researchers are obliged to put much more of their own interpretive spin on what they see and hear.There are certain types of phenomenological studies incline the researcher to look for, and interpret data in terms of, life world existential, such as Van Manen, 1990, claims that corporeality and temporality Such descriptions require researchers to move farther into or beyond their data as they demand not just reading words and scenes, but rather reading into, between, and over them McMahon 1996, Poirier and Ayres 1997 and Wertz 1983 analyse phenomenological study which is an excellent demonstration of the successive transformations from a participants description of an event to a researchers phenomenological description of that event.Although less interpretive than phenomenological or grounded theory description, fundamental qualitative description is more interpretive than quantitative description, which typically entails surveys or other pre-structured means to obtain a common dataset on pre-selected variables, and descriptive statistics to summarize them.Naturalistic observationNaturalistic observation is a research method commonly used by psychologists and other social scientists. This technique involves observing subjects in their natural environment. This type of research is often utilized in situations where conducting lab research is unrealistic, court prohibitive or would unduly affect the subjects behaviour.Naturalistic observation differs from structured observation in that it involves looking at behaviour as it occurs in its natural setting with no attempts at intervention on the part of the researcher.2.4 systematically analyse qualitative approaches including Independent observation, large types, checkment of hypotheses, Statistical analyses.ObservationQualitative observational research describes and classifies various cultural, racial and sociological groups by employing interpretive and realistic approaches. It is both observational and narrative in nature and relies less on the experimental elements normally associated with scientific research of reliability, validity and generalizability. Connelly and Clendenin (1990) suggest that qualitative question relies more on appetency, verisimilitude and transferability. On the other hand, Lincoln and Guba (1985) emphasize the importance of credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability in qualitative studies.Large samplesAny of the purposeful sampling techniques can be used in qualitative descriptive studies. Especially useful, though, is maximum variation sampling, which allows researchers to look the common and QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTION unique manifestations of a coffin nail phenomenon across a broad range of phenomenally and demographically varied cases (Sandelowski,1995).Researchers like Trost, 1986 also choose to sample cases to represent a combination of pre-selected variables , or typical or unusual cases of a phenomenon, in order to describe it as it tends to appear or uncommonly appears. As in any qualitative study, the last-ditch goal of purposeful sampling is to obtain cases deemed information-rich for the purposes of study. The obligation of researchers is to defend their sampling strategies as reasonable for their purposes.Task33.1 examine the basic principle of research design with respect to objectives, plan, action, review, report.All research is different but the following factors are common to all good pieces of research.If the research aims to identify the scale of a problem or need, a more quantitative, randomised, statistical sample survey may be more appropriate. Good research can often use a combination of methodologies, which complement one another.The research should be carried out in an unbiased fashion. As far as possible the researcher should not influence the results of the research in any way. If this is likely, it needs to be addressed explicitly and systematically.From the beginning, the research should have appropriate and sufficient resources in terms of people, time, transport, currency etc. allocated to it.The people conducting the research should be trained in research and research methods and this training should provideKnowledge around appropriate information gathering techniques,An understanding of research issues,An understanding of the research area,An understanding of the issues around dealing with vulnerable social care clients and housing clients, especially regarding risk, privacy and sensitivity and the possible need for support.Those involved in designing, conducting, analysing and supervising th e research should have a full understanding of the subject area.In some instances, it helps if the researcher has experience of workings in the area. However, this can also be a negative factor, as sometimes research benefits from the fresh eyes and ears of an outsider, which may lead to less bias.If applicable, the information generated from the research will inform the policy-making process.All research should be ethical and not harmful in any way to the participants.Backgroundwhy is this research important?What other studies have there been in this area?How will this research add to knowledge in this area?ObjectivesWhat do you desire to find out?What is the main question you wish to manage?What are the specific questions you will ask to address the main question?Are you going to do this research on your own or with others?PlanWho are you targeting in this research?How many people or case files do you qualify to interview or read through?Where will the research take place?Will participants be clearly and fully informed of the purpose of the research study?How will you do this?How will participants be clear about the expectations of the researcher?Do you have an information sheet and a consent form for participants?ActionIt enables you to examine your own situation.It is a participatory process and allows for input from all those involved.It is collaborative. You work with colleagues and other participants to answer your research question.It allows for an ongoing process of self-importanceevaluation where you appraise yourself and your own performance.It assumes that you already have a great deal of professional knowledge and can continue to develop this knowledge and improve your practice.ReviewA review of the literature is an essential part of your academic research. The review is a careful examination of a body of literature pointing toward the answer to your research question.Literature reviewed typically includes scholarly journals, scholarly books, authoritative databases and primary sources. roughtimes it includes newspapers and magazines.Primary sources are the origin of information under study, fundamental documents relating to a particular subject or idea. Often they are firsthand accounts written by a witness or researcher at the time of an event or discovery.Secondary sources are documents or recordings that relate to or discuss information originally presented elsewhere. These, too, may be accessible as physical objects or electronically in databases or on the Internet.ReportDraft the report from your detailed plan.Do not worry too much about the concluding form and language, but rather on presenting the ideasCoherently and logically.Redraft and edit. Check that sections contain the required information and use suitable headings,Check ideas flow in a logical order and remove any unnecessary information.Write in an academic style and tone.Use a formal objective style.Generally nullify personal pronouns however, some r eports based on your own field3.2 critically evaluate the success of both qualitative and quantitative research projects using copulation literature.Quantitative ResearchQuantitative Research options have been predetermined and a large number of respondents are involved. By definition, measurement mustiness be objective, quantitative and statistically valid.Simply put, its about numbers, objective hard data. The sample size for a survey is calculated by statisticians using formulas to determine how large a sample size will be needed from a given population in order to achieve findings with an acceptable degree of accuracy. Generally, researchers seek sample sizes which yield findings with at to the lowest degree a 95% confidence interval (which means that if you repeat the survey 100 times, 95 times out of a hundred, you would get the same response), plus/minus a margin error of 5 percentage points. Many surveys are designed to produce a littler margin of error.Qualitative Resear chQualitative Research is collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data by observing what people do and say. Whereas, quantitative research refers to counts and measures of things, qualitative research refers to the meanings, concepts, definitions, characteristics, metaphors, symbols, and descriptions of things.Qualitative research is much more subjective than quantitative research and uses very different methods of collecting information, mainly individual, in-depth interviews and focus groups. The nature of this type of research is exploratory and open-ended. Small numbers of people are interviewed in-depth and/or a relatively small number of focus groups are conducted.Participants are asked to respond to general questions and the interviewer or group moderator probes and explores their responses to identify and define peoples perceptions, opinions and feelings about the topic or idea being discussed and to determine the degree of agreement that exists in the group. The quality of the finding from qualitative research is directly dependent upon the skills, experience and sensitive of the interviewer or group moderator.This type of research is often less costly than surveys and is extremely effective in acquiring information about peoples communications needs and their responses to and views about specific communications.Basically, quantitative research is objective qualitative is subjective.Quantitative research seeks instructive laws qualitative research aims at in-depth description. Qualitative research measures what it assumes to be a static reality in hopes of developing universal laws. Qualitative research is an exploration of what is assumed to be a dynamic reality. It does not claim that what is discovered in the process is universal, and thus, replicable. Common differences usually cited between these types of research include.Task44.1 define a research problem or issue by analysing current literature and management practice.Research problemIt is one of the first statements make in any research paper and, as well as defining the research area, should include a quick synopsis of how the hypothesis was arrived at.This will lead to the proposal of a viable hypothesis. As an aside, when scientists are putting forward proposals for research funds, the quality of their research problem often makes the difference between success and failure.Defining a Research ProblemLack of force that drives the people to make the way they do and they behave even in hardship.Qualitative research designs use inductive reasoning to propose a research problem.Reasoning Cycle Scientific ResearchThis is called the conceptual definition, and is an overall view of the problem.Lack of pauperism is like measuring abstract concepts, such as intelligence, emotions, and subjective responses, and then a system of measuring numerically needs to be established, allowing statistical analysis and replication.For example, motivating may be measured with a question naire fromstrongly disagreedisagreedont knowagreestrongly agree4.2 Examine the background and circumscribe of the researchEarly definitions of motivation focused on instincts. Psychologists piece in the late 19th and early twentieth century suggested that human beings were basically programmed to behave in certain ways, depending upon the behavioural cues to which they were exposed. Sigmund Freud, for example, argued that the most powerful determinants of individual behaviour were those of which the individual was not consciously aware.According to Motivation and Leadership at pee-pee (Steers, Porter, and Bigley, 1996), in the early twentieth century researchers began to examine other possible explanations for differences in individual motivation. Some researchers focused on internal drives as an explanation for move behaviour. Others studied the effect of learning and how individuals base current behaviour on the consequences of past behaviour. Still others examined the influe nce of individuals cognitive processes, such as the beliefs they have about future events. Over time, these major theoretical streams of research in motivation were classified into two major schools the content theories of motivation and the process theories of motivation.4.3 Develop research questions to elicit facts, information, gaps in knowledge, and dichotomies in management processes and practices.Research questions and hypotheses narrow the purpose statement and become major signposts for readers. Qualitative researchers ask at least one central question and several sub questions. They begin the questions with words such as how or what and use exploratory verbs, such as explore or describe. They pose broad, general questions to allow the participants to explain their ideas. They also focus initially on one central phenomenon of interest. The questions may also mention the participants and the site for the research.1. Determine if a flux methods study is needed to study the p roblem2. Consider whether a mixed methods study is feasible3. Write both qualitative and quantitative research questions4. Review and decide on the types of data collection5. Assess the relative weight and implementation strategy for each method6. relegate a visual model7. Determine how the data will be analyzed8. Assess the criteria for evaluating the study9. Develop a plan for the studyI encourage mixed methods researchers to construct separate mixed methods questions in their studies. This question might be written to emphasize the procedures or the content of the study, and it might be placed at different points. By writing this question, the researcher conveys the importance of integrating or combining the quantitative and qualitative elements. Several models exist for writing mixed methods questions into studies writing only quantitative questions or hypotheses and qualitative questions, or writing both quantitative questions or hypotheses and qualitative questions followed b y a mixed methods question, or writing only a mixed methods question.4.4 critically evaluate the project plan from the following perspectives ethical, social, legal, stakeholders.Ethical and LegalWhen most people think of ethics (or morals), they think of rules for distinguishing between right and wrong, such as the Golden Rule (Do unto others as you would have them do unto you). This is the most common way of defining ethics for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour.Even conducting our research we have to look into following ethical aspectsHonestyObjectivity impartiality treatfulnessOpennessRespect for Intellectual PropertyConfidentialityResponsible PublicationResponsible MentoringRespect for colleaguesSocial ResponsibilityNon-DiscriminationCompetenceLegalityAnimal CareHuman Subjects ProtectionTask 5Critically evaluate what implications previous research into the topic chosen have for the research proposal.Implications in research of motivation at w orkFollowing can be expected as implications in research of motivation at work.Lack of secondary dataSome secondary data is limited and insufficient. Sometimes, external parties dont like to give their real idea about regarding their motivation.Draw backs in primary data collectionIt is very difficult. Because, all data not already available. Some data related people feels, attitudes or opinion. And next important fact is both of primary data have qualitative and quantitative behaviour. Both of data is dependents on peoples opinion.Time constraintsStudents have very limited time in their academic career and this research should conduct simultaneously with other learning activities. Therefore, It is difficult to handle all learning and research activities under limited time management.Financial constraintsDue to cost involved mainly with the process of data collection, limited number of sources and the small size of sample area can cause biased findings which may pervert the results .5.2 systematically analyse literature relevant to the content of the proposal.Great scholars Gardner Lambert, 1972 proposed that motivation is influenced by two orientations to language learning. An integrative orientation is typical of someone who identifies with and determine the target language and community, and who approaches language study with the intention of entering that community.Such an individual is thought to have an internal, more enduring motivation for language study. Instrumentally impeld learners, on the other hand, are more likely to see language learning as enabling them to do other useful things, but as having no special significance in itself. Such learners will be motivated if they see language learning as having beneficial career prospects or something that will enable them to use transactional language with speakers of the foreign language.A second problem he argues is whether the integrative/instrumental conceptualization captures the full spectrum of student motivation. It may be that, for a given population of second language students, there are reasons for language learning that are unrelated to either of the two motivational orientations. I agree with Ely that it is not always easy to tell one from the other. For example, there are students who dont like to study, but they have to, because they have pressure from their parents, peers, teachers, and so forth. This is also a type of motivation which cant belong to either of the two motivational orientations.5.3 Make conclusions regarding different approaches to and outcomes of research.Lack of motivation to learn is very striking thing in almost all of the schools in Japan. I believe some of the schools in other countries also face the same problem. matchless of the things I found through this literature review is that if we, as teachers, cant motivate students to learn directly, we should look at different ways to try to motivate them indirectly. For example, we should encour age them to be autonomous learner, increase their confidence, and try to get rid of anxiety they have in learning.That will lead to great motivation eventually, and thus lead to success in learning. One of the strategies we can use is need analysis. We must find out which aspects of L2 learning are personally valuable to students and must design tasks that support those aspects. For example, if students will go abroad, they will need to communicate with people in English, s

The Dream Act Essay -- Immigration

Being an undocumented student in the U.S is literally being cursed for being born out-of-door the country because one will find virtually all doors to the American Dream closed. Apparently working hard, graduating from high school, living here mostly a whole life, and the desire to become someone successful and contribute to this country is not enough in the eyes of the opponents to the Dream Act to qualify for neutralization. every last(predicate) aspirations and hopes for a better future vanish when one finds out that its impossible to attend a university or find a job because cogent evidence of citizenship is required. All AB 540 students experience this situation and the Dream Act is the solution to stop these sufferings. The Dream Act is a bill that was first introduced in the senate in 2001 and has been reintroduced several(prenominal) times but has not been successful. This bill would provide AB 540 students conditional permanent residency, allow them to qualify for some federal and state financial assistance, and after completing certain strict requirements they would soon be able to apply for their citizenship. The Dream Act should be passed not only to be reliable to AB 540 students, but for the benefit of our economy, baby boomers, and the future of the United States. The Dream Act establishes a rigorous process for AB 540 students and they must meet several strict requirements. This means that not all undocumented students would qualify only the fortunate, the brightest and overachievers would qualify. Generally they must prove that they came to the United States before the age of 16, have lived here for at least five years, do not have a criminal record, are not removable from the country and possess good clean character (Duncan A.19). These students mus... ...oto, Lourdes Diaz. IMMIGRATION TO THE U.S. The Praeger Handbook of Latino Education in the U.S. Westport, CT Praeger, 2007. Credo Reference. Web. 16 Sept. 2014.Standing Up for Immi grant Students. Rethinking Schools Vol. 18, No. 2. Winter 2003 4-5. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 12 Oct 2014.Susan, Farley. home Lecture. Allan Hancock College Room C-35, Santa Maria Ca. 3 Nov. 2014. Lecture.The DREAM Act. Immigration Policy Center. Web. 8 Nov. 2014. .Kick-starting Immigration Reform. The Washington Post. The Washington Post Company, 12 May 2011. A.20. ProQuest direct. Web. 20 Sept. 2014.Warner, Judith. Education Costs., Social Security and Baby Boomers. Battleground Immigration. Greenwood Group, 2009. 267-273, 784-785. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). EBSCO. Web. 30 Sept. 2014.

Seagrams Essay -- Business Management

Edgar Bronfmans value remains is in jeopardy of non organism sustained due to his failure to fully transition from charismatic to instrumental leadership as evidenced by the employee questions following the values computer program training. AnalysisSeagrams is currently undergoing strategic, anticipatory changes in the companys value system to competitively reposition the company to take advantage of forthcoming growth opportunities, diversify the company globally, effectively manage business processes, and increase profits. Bronfman has successfully guided the development and introduction of this new value system. However, Seagrams is lacking(p) the instrumental leadership necessary for this reorientation to be successful. Specifically, the questions raised by management at the end of the values training program suggest that the iii critical elements of instrumental leadership structuring, controlling, and rewarding have not been fully addressed. Without these, the new value system will not be reinforced and transfer and may fall victim to becoming another program of the month.Bronfman has not structured a sufficient mechanism to ensure the value system is sustained over time. No processes are in place to handle the recommendations for action raised by participants in the training program. Good ideas are being generated, but will be wasted if there is no system to ensure they are heard and implemented. Failure to provide this process will wound employee morale and...

Goals for English Essay -- essays research papers

Henry David Thoreau once said, In the long run, men hit scarce that they aim at, therefore they had let out aim at something high. I agree with Thoreau completely. When you have goals in life, youre departure to do anything and everything to accomplish those goals. Therefore wherefore not set higher goals that you will endeavor just with diminutive amount of more effort? One semester of English has gone by and theres other semester to go. Even though I have done fairly well in English the first semester, I would like to do even better the second semester. I can only do better if I have a plan and this plan is the different types of goals I am going to set for myself. You cant be a good student by just doing well in one aspect of any subject. You impoverishment to become better in all aspects of the subject and become a better student overall. WritingEven though my writing has progressed since the beginning of the give lessons year, there are still a few parts that I need to i mprove in my writing to become a better writer. My wording isnt that strong and for the second semester, I would like to start to build my vocabulary and use better words in my writing. I think I can accomplish this goal by memorizing a useful, common word everyday and using it somehow in my daily life. I can in like manner use better words by using the synonym finder while Im writing. I dont mean to use the thesaurus and translate every word Im using but change a few wo...

The Japanese Attempt to Erase Korean Culture, History and Identity :: Japanese History Korea Japan Essays

Even though none of my relatives were killed or tortured by the Japanese, I am steady afraid. I am afraid that my vicarious wounds still linger inside me, affecting everything I do.I know that they destroyed our cultural and spiritual muckle that we maintained for five thousand years. They just had to leave a natural trace that actually became part of us. I dont know if I should hate them. It is ignorantly and unwittingly buried deeply in our unconsciousness. Natural hatred and attraction, like two inseparable sides of a coin, had confused me for so long. Because the scar still stiff unhealed and too painful to ignore, and because I hesitate to hate whats part of me.Broken wings were all over the country. They were forced to tear their skin and voiced white feathers off, replacing them with acute and heavy pebbles that filled their lives with sharp pain and humiliation.It all came too naturally. My childhood desk was decorated with cute dolls in red kimonos, a gift from my father , and pictures that I took with Jini. Affectionately-spoken Japanese often filled my house, enabling me to learn some of the foreign words gradually. Kawai, kawai, Jae san wa kawai. I blinked my eyes and laughed a delicate and bright childs laughter at what my grandma said to me. What does it mean, grandma? A calm, peach colored pull a face blossomed on grandmothers face. It means very, very, adorable. Another warm smile and a soft pat on my head. Kawai. I recited the word carefully while grandma and mom were having a short conversation in Japanese. In downtown Kyoto, Japan, there lies a small stone monument at the spot where the ears of Koreans taken to Japan during one of its invasions in 1592 were buried. Japan has invaded Korea numerous times in known history, but when it invaded in 1592, Japanese selliers were known to have cut off the ears of Koreans they either killed or wished to humiliate. One Japanese scholar suggests that subsequent Japanese regimes came to value noses over ears because, somehow, cutting off noses sounds more cruel (Lee).Koreans love everything from Japan. On caf tables in Ap-Guh-Juhn-Dong, the Beverly Hills of Korea, Japanese fashion magazines lay arrogantly. Sony and PlayStation products are sold fiercely in electronics markets. Some Koreans even say that we should admire Japan for their economic success, technology, and lifestyle. Only when it comes to history do they go hysterical and anti-Japan, remembering iterate attempts at invasion until the Japanese finally succeeded in 1910.

The Environmental Impact of Water Reservoirs Essay -- Environmental Im

A water reservoir is a human-made lake that is created when a river is dammed to serve one or more purposes, much(prenominal) as to generate hydropower production, provide a water try for drinking, irrigation, and flood protection (www.eea.europa.eu). The effects of water reservoirs on the environment have stirred controversy since their introduction. though water reservoirs can create many sought pop out improvements for a society it can detrimentally impact innate habitats and spawn a calculate of environmental complications. The debate on whether water reservoirs are in truth beneficial or harmful towards human populations is ongoing as new projects like the iii Gorges in China are concluded. In the following assay I will be giving a critical review on the mingled negatives that arise from the creation of a water reservoir.The creation of a water reservoir will have a significant impact on the natural habitats that existed prior to its building. The surroundings around th e damn will be inundated and reclaimed as part of the newly created water reservoir. The runoff of the initial picking of the reservoir will cause the existing imbed manners to die and decompose. For the first years stabilization will take place where the rotting graft life releases an abundance of carbon back into the atmosphere. Further on, the decomposing of plant material that settles at the bottom of the reservoir will produce and release large amounts of methane. A weakness to the argument that a water reservoir is green-friendly. non only does local plant life and animal life suffer from this loss of land, the river itself is impact through vaporization. A water reservoir creates a greater surface area by which more water is evaporated and depleted from the ... ...an produce a contamination factor comparable to that of an oil driven power plant. plant Citedhttp//dams.org/httpwww.newscientist.com/article/dn7046http//www.cdc.gov/hab/cyanobacteria/facts.htmhttp//www.ats dr.cdc.gov/HAC/pha/DonnaReservoir/DonnaReservoirPublicCommentPHA06302010.pdfhttp//www.eea.europa.eu/themes/water/european-waters/reservoirs-and-damshttp//www.newscientist.com/article/dn7046http//www.internationalrivers.org/en/node/1636http//docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cacheJkl8Z9b7mFYJrdgs.dk/djg/pdfs/103/1/09.pdf+flood+recession+cropping+reservoir&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjo6QDhkvxWgGiBUo92nXL0IwSNtOE_8trCQT_BL5cyXA07KOy-lWH0oV1GNfDtvFH8eYFSww2TwOR2S-ExPDaiUAwpjnLrp1BR00lZKejjXiVrCo8Ee4i9yo9OLSWjFISQ0gGz&sig=AHIEtbRopK9vzHwGeWcwyFlZ-WIkBylIvA (Flood-recession cropping) http//www.cdc.gov/parasites/schistosomiasis/disease.html The environmental Impact of Water Reservoirs Essay -- Environmental ImA water reservoir is a human-made lake that is created when a river is dammed to serve one or more purposes, such as to generate hydropower production, provide a water supply for drinking, irrigation, and flood protection (www.eea.europa.eu). The effects of water reserv oirs on the environment have stirred controversy since their introduction. Though water reservoirs can create many sought out improvements for a society it can detrimentally impact natural habitats and spawn a number of environmental complications. The debate on whether water reservoirs are truly beneficial or harmful towards human populations is ongoing as new projects like the Three Gorges in China are concluded. In the following essay I will be giving a critical review on the various negatives that arise from the creation of a water reservoir.The creation of a water reservoir will have a significant impact on the natural habitats that existed prior to its building. The surroundings around the damn will be inundated and reclaimed as part of the newly created water reservoir. The runoff of the initial filling of the reservoir will cause the existing plant life to die and decompose. For the first years stabilization will take place where the rotting plant life releases an abundance of carbon back into the atmosphere. Further on, the decomposing of plant material that settles at the bottom of the reservoir will produce and release large amounts of methane. A weakness to the argument that a water reservoir is green-friendly. Not only does local plant life and animal life suffer from this loss of land, the river itself is affected through vaporization. A water reservoir creates a greater surface area by which more water is evaporated and depleted from the ... ...an produce a pollution factor comparable to that of an oil driven power plant. Works Citedhttp//dams.org/httpwww.newscientist.com/article/dn7046http//www.cdc.gov/hab/cyanobacteria/facts.htmhttp//www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/pha/DonnaReservoir/DonnaReservoirPublicCommentPHA06302010.pdfhttp//www.eea.europa.eu/themes/water/european-waters/reservoirs-and-damshttp//www.newscientist.com/article/dn7046http//www.internationalrivers.org/en/node/1636http//docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cacheJkl8Z9b7mFYJrdgs.dk/djg/pdfs/103 /1/09.pdf+flood+recession+cropping+reservoir&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjo6QDhkvxWgGiBUo92nXL0IwSNtOE_8trCQT_BL5cyXA07KOy-lWH0oV1GNfDtvFH8eYFSww2TwOR2S-ExPDaiUAwpjnLrp1BR00lZKejjXiVrCo8Ee4i9yo9OLSWjFISQ0gGz&sig=AHIEtbRopK9vzHwGeWcwyFlZ-WIkBylIvA (Flood-recession cropping) http//www.cdc.gov/parasites/schistosomiasis/disease.html